EN 397:2025 brings several key changes to helmet design and performance. One of the most fundamental updates coming with the new Industrial Protective Helmet standard is the introduction of Type 1 and Type 2 helmets.

With two new performance levels, it is important to understand the protection offered by each type and how this impacts selection.

Type 1 and Type 2 helmets

EN 397:2025 Type 1 helmets offer roughly equivalent protection to EN 397:2012, whereas Type 2 performance is closer to the EN 12492:2012 mountaineering helmet standard.

Type 1 helmets are intended for on-crown protection only while Type 2s provide on- and off-crown shock absorption.

Chinstraps are optional for Type 1 helmets, as with EN 397:2012. For Type 2, however, chinstraps form a mandatory part of the retention system.

Both are subject to shock absorption and retention system testing, but the requirements vary for each type.

Impact testing

Type 1 helmets are intended to absorb energy from impacts in the crown area, much like EN 397:2012.

Shock absorption is tested with a 5kg striker dropped to create a 49 Joule impact on the top of the helmet, assessing protection against objects falling from above.

Type 2 helmets expand protection to absorb impact energy on the top as well as the sides, front and rear, similarly to an EN 12492:2012 climbing helmet.

On-crown shock absorption is tested at a higher energy – approximately 98 Joules, compared to 49 Joules for Type 1.

Off-crown shock absorption testing uses a 5kg flat striker for a 24.5 Joules impact on the sides, front and rear.

Both Type 1 and Type 2 helmets are assessed for on-crown penetration resistance. The test follows EN 397:2012 with a 3kg pointed striker dropped on top of the helmet.

Chinstrap requirements

While they remain optional for Type 1, chinstraps are mandatory for Type 2 helmets. Both chinstraps are tested for release strength though the performance requirements differ by type.

If a Type 1 helmet includes an optional chinstrap, it must release at forces greater than 150 Newtons.

Mandatory Type 2 chinstraps are required to release at forces over 500 Newtons. This is designed to ensure the strap stays connected in case of repeated impacts.

An additional retention system effectiveness test is carried out for Type 2 helmets, making sure they remain secure if caught at the front or rear.

Helmet selection

A full risk assessment must be carried out to select the right helmet type. To specify the appropriate type of protection, it is necessary to carefully consider the hazards, as well as suitability factors relating to the task.

As general guidance, if you have been using an EN 397:2012 helmet then an EN 397:2025 Type 1 should offer similar levels of protection. If you currently use an EN 12492:2012 climbing helmet then Type 2 may be more appropriate.

Although the performance requirements for Type 2 are similar to EN 12492:2012, there are some differences in design. For example ventilation is a mandatory requirement of EN 12492:2012 while only an option for EN 397:2025 Type 2. So it is important to check before choosing a new helmet.

Register for the free JSP webinar to learn more about EN 397:2025. Our expert speakers will explain the differences between Type 1 and Type 2, covering key points to consider when selecting a helmet, and answer any questions you may have about the new standard.

Download the new EN 397:2025 Intro Guide

Introducing the new EN 397:2025 Industrial Protective Helmet standard